Kwarin 10 Mafi Champagne a Duniya: Jagorar Karshe

Champagne, gajere na wines mai kyawawa, yana wakiltar alatu da bukukuwa. Yana fitowa daga yankin Champagne mai daraja a Faransa, yana wucewa da cin abinci kawai. Yana wakiltar kwarewa da inganci, yana dauke da al'adu da kyawawan halaye a kowanne shan.

Fagen champagne mai alatu yana da fadi da bambanci. Tare da yawancin manyan alamomin champagne suna neman a gane su, zabar kwalban da ya dace na iya zama mai wahala. Wannan jagorar tana nufin taimaka wa duka masu sha'awar da suka saba da sabbin masu sha'awa wajen bincika mafi kyawun bubbly.

A cikin shekara ta al'ada, Amurkawa suna cin kusan gilashi miliyan 360 na champagne a daren sabuwar shekara. Wannan kididdiga mai ban mamaki tana nuna jigon sha'awar champagne. Daga André Clouet Brut Grand Reserve mai araha a $33 zuwa 2002 Dom Perignon Rose mai alatu, akwai champagne da zai dace da kowanne dandano da kasafin kudi.

Fara wannan tafiya mai ban sha'awa ta duniya na champagne na farko. Za mu gano abin da ke bambanta waɗannan wines, mu haskaka manyan masu samarwa, da bayyana wasu dukiyoyi masu ɓoye. Ku shirya don gano sabon champagne mai alatu da kuka fi so!

Mahimman Abubuwa

• Champagne shine wine mai kyawawa wanda aka kera musamman a yankin Champagne na Faransa.
• Alamomin champagne mafi kyau suna bayar da nau'ikan salo da farashi masu yawa.
• Champagne na Faransa yana da shahara saboda ingancinsa, kwarewarsa, da tsauraran dokokin samarwa.
• Champagne mai alatu na iya zama daga zaɓuɓɓukan da za a iya siyan su zuwa kwalabe masu tsada, masu daraja.
• Fahimtar salon champagne da hanyoyin samarwa na iya inganta jin dadin ku na wannan abin sha mai kyau.

Fahimtar Champagne: Sarki na Wines mai Kyawawa

Champagne, gajeren na wines mai kyawawa, yana da tarihi mai ban mamaki wanda ya shafe ƙarni. Kyawun sa yana da zurfi, yana tabbatar da matsayin sa na sarki ta hanyar hanyoyin samarwa na musamman da bin dokoki masu tsauri.

Menene ke Bambanta Champagne Daga Wasu Wines Mai Kyawawa

Keɓantaccen champagne yana cikin asalin sa da hanyoyin samarwa. Ba kamar sauran wines mai kyawawa ba, ana samar da shi ne kawai a yankin Champagne na Faransa. Wannan takamaiman yanki yana ƙara masa matsayin alatu da bambancin dandano.

Tsarin Karewa na Asalin

Dokokin AOC suna tsara kowanne bangare na samar da champagne. Wadannan tsauraran ka'idoji suna tabbatar da inganci da sahihancin kowanne kwalba. Daga noman inabi zuwa tsarin tsufa, kowanne mataki yana kulawa da kyau don kiyaye kyakkyawan suna na Champagne.

Hanyar Tradişional Méthode Champenoise

Hanyar méthode champenoise ita ce ginshikin samar da Champagne. Wannan hanyar gargajiya tana haɗawa da fermentation na biyu a cikin kwalba, wanda ke haifar da bubbles na musamman. A cikin ƙarni, sabbin abubuwa sun inganta wannan tsari, ciki har da:

• Gabatar da cork stoppers a 1685
• Haɓaka kwalabe masu kauri a 1770
• Inganta auna sugar don ingantaccen effervescence a 1837
• Ganewar yeast na Pasteur a 1860
• Kirƙirar sanyi a 1884

Wannan ci gaban ya canza Champagne zuwa abin sha mai alatu da muke ƙauna a yau. Sun bambanta shi daga sauran wines mai kyawawa, suna tabbatar da matsayin sa a matsayin abin sha mai ban sha'awa.

Yankin Champagne Mai Daraja na Faransa

Yankin Champagne, wanda ke a mil 90 gabas na Paris, yana da shahara wajen samar da wines mai kyawawa. An tsunduma a cikin Reims da Epernay, inda tuddai masu yashi na musamman ke ƙirƙirar kyawawan yanayi don noman inabi. Terroir na Champagne yana da tasiri sosai akan halayen wines ɗin sa.

Reims, babban birnin masana'antar champagne, yana da kyakkyawan Cathedral na Notre Dame na ƙarni na 13. Epernay, wanda aka sani da “Babban Birnin Champagne,” yana dauke da yawancin manyan gidajen champagne a kan shahararren Avenue de Champagne. Tarihin arziki da mahimmancin al'adu na yankin an gane su ta UNESCO a 2015, suna sanya wasu sassan Champagne a matsayin wurin gado na Duniya.

Gidajen champagne suna rufe fiye da hekta 30,000, tare da ƙarin ƙauyuka 320 da aka amince da su don samar da champagne. Marne, wani yanki na Champagne, yana samar da kashi biyu daga cikin uku na duk champagne a duniya. Kayan yashi na musamman na yankin, musamman a Côte des Blancs da Montagne de Reims, suna da mahimmanci ga ingancin wine.

Baƙi na iya bincika wannan yanki mai ban sha'awa ta hanyar yawon shakatawa na champagne, wanda yawanci yana da farashi tsakanin 25 zuwa 40 euros. Lokacin da ya dace don ziyara shine daga Mayu zuwa Oktoba, tare da kwanaki 2-3 suna isa don jin dadin ruhin Champagne. Daga manyan gidajen champagne zuwa ƙananan gidajen inabi na iyali, yankin yana ba da nau'ikan abubuwan dandano. Wadannan suna nuna fasaha da al'adu a bayan wannan shahararren wine mai kyawawa.

Mahimman Nau'ikan Inabi a Champagne Mai Kyawawa

Keɓantaccen champagne yana cikin nau'ikan inabinsa. Manyan wines na yankin ana kera su ne daga haɗin nau'ikan inabi guda uku. Kowanne yana bayar da nasa keɓantaccen halaye ga samfurin ƙarshe.

Chardonnay: Mai Ba da Kyau

Chardonnay inabi yana da mahimmanci wajen ƙara kyawun champagne. Yana bayar da wines tare da acidity mai kyau da citrusy notes. Champagne da aka kera daga Chardonnay suna da shahara saboda yuwuwar tsufar su.

Pinot Noir: Mai Gina Tsari

Pinot Noir yana da mahimmanci wajen gina ginshikin champagne. Yana shigar da jiki da dandanon 'ya'yan itace ja, yana ƙara wa wine ƙarin rikitarwa. Wannan nau'in inabi yana da mahimmanci wajen ƙirƙirar wines masu jiki, masu rikitarwa.

Pinot Meunier: Mai Kara 'Ya'yan Itace

Pinot Meunier yana ƙara 'ya'yan itace da laushi ga champagne. Yana ƙara sabbin, furanni, yana daidaita haɗin. Wannan inabi yana tabbatar da cewa wine yana da sauƙin sha da jin daɗi daga farko.

Fasahar haɗa waɗannan nau'ikan inabi na champagne tana da mahimmanci. Masu kera wine suna haɗa su da hankali don cimma burin dandano da daidaito. Wannan tsari na haɗawa yana bambanta champagne mai kyau, yana jan hankalin masu sha'awa a duniya. Bugu da ƙari, murnar lokuta na musamman yawanci ana kama su a cikin hoton bude champagne, yana nuna farin ciki da kyawun waɗannan wines masu kyau.

Tsarin Yanki da Mahimmancinsa

Tsarin champagne yana da mahimmanci wajen bayyana inganci da darajar waɗannan wines masu daraja. Gidajen inabi na yankin an raba su zuwa matakai uku: Grand Cru, Premier Cru, da Autre Cru. Wannan rarrabewar tana nuna ingancin inabi daga wurare na musamman, tana shafar suna da farashin champagne.

Gidajen Inabi na Grand Cru

Grand Cru yana tsaye a matsayin kololuwa na ingancin champagne. Kawai ƙauyuka 17 a Champagne suna riƙe da wannan matsayin mai daraja, suna rufe kashi 5% na yankin da ake nomawa. Ana samun su a cikin Montagne de Reims, Côte des Blancs, da Vallée de la Marne, waɗannan gidajen inabi suna wakiltar inganci. Inabi daga waɗannan gidajen suna da farashi mai tsada, tare da wasu suna kaiwa har €6.96 a kowanne kilogram.

Tsarin Premier Cru

Premier Cru gidajen inabi suna ɗaukar mataki na biyu a cikin tsarin champagne. Suna rufe ƙauyuka 44 da kuma kusan hekta 5,000 ko kashi 15% na gidajen inabi na Champagne, wannan rarrabewar tana da matuƙar sha'awa. Inabin Premier Cru suna da farashi tsakanin kashi 90% da 99% na farashin tushe na Grand Cru, suna nuna ingancinsu da bukatar su tsakanin masu samarwa.

Tsarin Autre Cru

Autre Cru, ko “Sauran Cru,” yana haɗa sauran gidajen inabi a yankin Champagne. Duk da rashin darajar Grand ko Premier Cru, waɗannan yankunan har yanzu suna samar da ingantaccen inabi don yawancin kyawawan Champagnes. Inabi daga gidajen Autre Cru suna da farashi tsakanin kashi 80% da 89% na farashin tushe.

Wannan tsarin rarrabewa yana tabbatar da cewa suna na Champagne na inganci yana ci gaba da kasancewa. Hakanan yana ba wa masu amfani da jagora mai kyau game da inganci da yuwuwar wines daban-daban daga yankin.

Mafi Kyawun Champagne a Duniya: Manyan Gidajen da Alamominsu

Fagen Champagne yana haskakawa ta hanyar fitattun masana'antar, waɗanda tarihin su ya shafe ƙarni. Manyan gidaje kamar Louis Roederer, Krug, da Bollinger suna da shahara saboda jajircewarsu ga inganci da hanyoyin su na musamman na kera wine.

Louis Roederer, suna da aka rubuta a tarihin tun 1776, yana da fadi na gidajen inabi, tare da kashi 70% daga cikin su an tsara su a matsayin Grand Cru. Filosofin su na kera wine yana haɗawa da ɗanɗano na malolactic fermentation, wanda ke bambanta tsakanin kashi 25% da 50%. Wannan fasaha tana ƙara wa wines ɗin su rikitarwa. Babban nasarar Roederer, Cristal, yana da shahara saboda haɗin sa na alatu da kyawun halaye.

Krug, ginshikin duniya na champagne, yana sake bayyana fasahar tsufa. Prestige cuvées ɗinsu ana tsufa na akalla shekaru bakwai, suna ba su zurfin da ba a taɓa gani ba da halaye. Wannan tsufa mai tsawo yana bambanta Krug a cikin manyan champagne.

Bollinger, tarihin da ya fara tun 1829, yana ci gaba da riƙe matsayin sa tare da haɗin gwiwa masu ƙarfi da inganci. Special Cuvée ɗinsu yana wakiltar falsafar gidan na ƙirƙirar champagnes masu jiki waɗanda ke tsayawa tsawon lokaci.

Wasu fitattun a fagen champagne mai alatu sun haɗa da Moët & Chandon, wanda aka shahara saboda Dom Pérignon, da Veuve Clicquot, tare da shahararren Yellow Label Brut. Waɗannan prestige cuvées suna wakiltar kololuwa na fasahar champagne, yawanci an kera su daga kyawawan vintages da aka tsufa na tsawon lokaci. Bugu da ƙari, ana yawan nuna su a cikin hoton bude champagne wanda ke kama da murnar waɗannan abubuwan sha masu kyau.

Louis Roederer: Tarihin Inganci

Louis Roederer Champagne yana wakiltar inganci a fagen wine mai kyawawa. An kafa shi a 1776, yana da tarihi mai ban mamaki wanda ya shafe ƙarni biyu. Gidajen inabin gidan, wanda ya rufe hekta 242 a cikin ƙauyuka 350, yana mai da hankali kan wuraren Grand Cru da Premier Cru don tabbatar da ingantaccen terroir.

Jajircewar gidan ga inganci yana bayyana a cikin sayen inabi. Kashi biyu daga cikin uku na bukatunsu suna cika daga gidajen inabin su, yayin da sauran kashi 30% daga masu noman da aka amince da su. Wannan hanyar tana tabbatar da cewa Louis Roederer yana riƙe da inganci mai kyau a cikin tayin sa.

Wannan Cristal Mai Shahararre

Cristal, babban cuvée na Louis Roederer, yana wakiltar kololuwa na alatu a cikin Champagne. An ƙirƙira shi a farko a 1876 don Tsar Alexander II na Rasha, an sanya shi a kasuwa a 1945. A yau, ana kera shi a cikin iyakance, daga kwalabe 300,000 zuwa 800,000 a kowanne shekara. Haɗin 60% Pinot Noir da 40% Chardonnay yana tsufa na shekaru shida a kan lees, yana haifar da champagne mai rikitarwa da kyawun halaye.

Gudanar da Gidan Inabi da Filosofin Samarwa

Louis Roederer yana da alaka mai zurfi da dorewa. Gidan yana amfani da biodynamic viticulture, tare da hekta 78 da aka tabbatar da su a matsayin na halitta tun 2021. Wannan jajircewar tana bayyana a cikin “Cristal Estates,” inda dukkan hekta 78 suna gudanar da su ta hanyar biodynamic tun 2012. Gidan yana da filayen 410 da aka tsufa daban-daban a cikin tankunan ƙarfe masu ƙarfe 450, yana nuna fasahar kera wine daidai wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga ingancin Louis Roederer Champagne.

Krug: Gajeren Alatu

Krug Champagne yana wakiltar gajeren alatu a fagen wine mai kyawawa. An kafa shi a 1843 ta Johann-Joseph Krug, ya bambanta ta hanyar mai da hankali kan prestige cuvées kawai. Tarihin Krug, wanda aka rubuta a cikin littafin ja daga 1848, yana ci gaba da jagorantar burin gidan na kammala.

Grande Cuvée Excellence

Grande Cuvée shine ginshikin tayin Krug, shaida ga fasahar su ta haɗawa. Wannan champagne na farko yana haɗin gwiwa na fiye da wines 120 daga sama da shekaru 10 daban-daban. Yana nuna jajircewar Krug ga kwarewa, tare da kowanne kwalba yana tsufa na akalla shekaru bakwai. Wannan tsufa yana ƙara wa champagne dandanon mai zurfi da keɓantaccen hali.

Hanyoyi na Haɗawa na Musamman

Tsarin kera champagne na Krug yana da na musamman. Kwamitin Gwajin Krug yana tantance wines daga kusan wurare 250, yana tara fiye da bayanan gwaji 5,000 a kowanne shekara. Wannan tantancewa mai tsauri tana tabbatar da cewa kawai wines masu inganci ne ake zaɓar don prestige cuvées ɗinsu. Krug yana amfani da Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, da Pinot Meunier, yana haɗa su daidai don cimma champagnes masu zurfi da rikitarwa.

Jajircewar gidan ga inganci yana bayyana a cikin tayin gidajen inabi guda ɗaya. Clos du Mesnil, wani gidan inabi mai shahararre na hekta 1.85 da aka saye a 1971, yana samar da kyakkyawan Blanc de Blancs. A 2008, Krug ya gabatar da Blanc de Noirs na farko, 1995 Clos d'Ambonnay, yana nuna ƙwarewar su a cikin Pinot Noir.

Bollinger: Alatu na Gargajiya

Bollinger Champagne yana wakiltar alatu na gargajiya a cikin fagen wine mai kyawawa. An kafa shi a 1829, ya sami suna mai daraja wajen ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwa masu jiki, waɗanda ke da Pinot Noir a matsayin ginshiki. Wadannan wines suna jan hankalin masu sha'awa a duniya.

Asalin salon Bollinger yana fitowa daga amfani da wines na ajiyar su da kyau. Gidan yana adana har zuwa 800,000 magnums na waɗannan ruwan masu daraja, tare da wasu suna tsufa na tsawon shekaru goma. Wannan hanyar tana ƙara wa zurfin da rikitarwa na tayin su na non-vintage, musamman Special Cuvée.

Jajircewar Bollinger ga inganci yana bayyana a cikin gudanar da gidajen inabi. Kamfanin yana da hekta 179 na gidajen inabi, tare da kashi 85% an tsara su a matsayin Grand da Premier cru. Musamman yana haɗa filaye na musamman kamar Clos St Jacques da Chaudes Terres, waɗanda ba a girma su ba kuma ana kula da su gaba ɗaya da hannu.

Special Cuvée yana wakiltar salon Bollinger. Wannan haɗin Pinot Noir yana ƙunshe da kashi 60% Pinot Noir, 25% Chardonnay, da 15% Pinot Meunier, tare da kashi 10% wines na ajiyar suna ƙara zurfi da hali. Sakamakon shine Champagne wanda aka yaba saboda arziki, rikitarwa, da kyakkyawan yuwuwar tsufa.

Jajircewar Bollinger ga al'adu yana bayyana a cikin hanyoyin samarwa. Har yanzu shine gidan champagne na ƙarshe da ke amfani da cooper na zama. Hakanan yana da mafi girman tarin bututu a yankin, tare da bututun 4,000 da aka yi amfani da su don yin mafi kyawun wines ɗin sa. Wannan jajircewar ga hanyoyin gargajiya yana tabbatar da cewa kowanne kwalba na Bollinger Champagne yana bayar da ainihin ɗanɗano na alatu na gargajiya.

Prestige Cuvées da Iyakantaccen Buga

Prestige cuvées da iyakantaccen champagne suna tsaye a kololuwa na samar da wine mai kyawawa. Wadannan kwalabe, waɗanda aka kera daga mafi kyawun gidajen inabi, suna wakiltar kololuwa na fasahar kera a yankin Champagne. Suna wakiltar alatu, suna da sha'awa daga masu sha'awa da masu zuba jari a duniya. Mu bincika mafi kyawun alamomi da yuwuwar su na zuba jari.

Kwalabe Masu Daraja

Vintage Champagne da iyakantaccen fitarwa daga manyan gidaje suna zama manyan zaɓuɓɓukan zuba jari. Wadannan kwalabe masu kyau suna ƙaruwa da darajar su a tsawon lokaci, suna jan hankalin masu tarawa da masu zuba jari. Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci dokokin kasuwancin champagne lokacin la'akari da irin waɗannan zuba jari. Wasu daga cikin mafi kyawun alamomi sun haɗa da:

• Louis Roederer Cristal: $359.99, 12% ABV, 60% Pinot Noir, 40% Chardonnay
• Dom Pérignon: $289.99, 12.5% ABV, 46% Pinot Noir, 54% Chardonnay
• Krug Grande Cuvée: $286, 12.5% ABV, 52% Pinot Noir, 35% Chardonnay, 13% Pinot Meunier

Tattara da Yuwuwar Tsufa

Fasahar tattara da tsufa Champagne tana inganta inganci da darajar sa. Adana da kyau yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye halayen wine. Yawancin prestige cuvées na iya tsufa da kyau na tsawon shekaru, suna haɓaka dandano da ƙamshi mai rikitarwa. Misali, Charles Heidsieck Blanc des Millénaires 1995, wanda farashinsa yana kusa da $200, ya sami maki mai ban mamaki na 97+. Wannan yana nuna kyakkyawan yuwuwar tsufa na champagne mai kyau.

Salon Champagne da Hanyoyin Samarwa

Salon champagne suna bayar da nau'ikan dandano da kwarewa. Daga rikitarwa na vintage champagne zuwa daidaito na non-vintage blends, kowanne nau'i yana bayar da halaye na musamman. Fahimtar dokokin kasuwancin champagne yana da mahimmanci ga masu samarwa da masu sayarwa. Binciken duniya na samar da champagne yana bayyana kyakkyawan zane na salon.

Vintage vs. Non-Vintage Champagne

Vintage Champagne ana kera shi daga inabi na shekara guda, mai kyau. Yana tsufa na akalla shekaru 3, yana haifar da kyakkyawan dandano. A gefe guda, non-vintage Champagne yana haɗa wines daga shekaru da yawa, yana nufin cimma salon gidan da aka saba. Yana tsufa na akalla watanni 15, yana tabbatar da ingantaccen kwarewa.

Blanc de Blancs da Blanc de Noirs

Blanc de Blancs Champagne ana kera shi ne kawai daga inabin Chardonnay, yana haifar da wine mai haske, mai kyau. Blanc de Noirs, a gefe guda, yana amfani da inabi ja kamar Pinot Noir ko Pinot Meunier kawai. Wannan yana haifar da champagne mai jiki tare da dandanon 'ya'yan itace masu kyau.

Hanyar Samar da Rosé Champagne

Rosé Champagne yana bambanta da launin ruwan hoda da 'ya'yan itace. Ana kera shi ta hanyar haɗa ruwan ja da fari ko ta hanyar gajeren hulɗa da inabin ja a lokacin fermentation.

Adana da Shawarwarin Aiki

Adana Champagne da kyau yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye ingancinsa da dandano. Adana kwalabe a cikin yanayi mai sanyi, mai duhu tare da zafin jiki daga 10°C zuwa 13°C. Non-vintage Champagnes na iya zama ajiye na shekaru 3 zuwa 4, yayin da vintage cuvées na iya tsufa na shekaru 5 zuwa 10. Abin sha'awa, kwalaben Champagne na iya zama a tsaye ko a gefen su saboda matsin lamba na ciki.

Lokacin aiki, zafin jiki yana da mahimmanci. Mafi kyawun zafin jiki na aiki don Champagne shine tsakanin 8°C da 10°C. Wannan kewayon yana ƙara wa ƙamshin da dandanon wine, yana tabbatar da cewa effervescence yana ci gaba.

Zabar gilashin Champagne mai kyau ma yana da mahimmanci. Comité Interprofessionnel du vin de Champagne yana ba da shawarar gilashi mai siffar tulip. Waɗannan gilashin suna taimakawa wajen adana bubbles da mai da hankali kan ƙamshi, suna ba da damar cikakken jin daɗin rikitarwar wine.

• Adana a wuri mai sanyi, mai duhu (10-13°C)
• Aika a 8-10°C
• Yi amfani da gilashin Champagne mai siffar tulip
• Barin vintage Champagnes su huta kafin a yi aiki

Lokacin bude kwalaben Champagne, a yi hankali. Cork na iya fitar da sauri har zuwa 50 mph saboda matsin lamba na hudu zuwa shida a cikin. Don samun kyakkyawan kwarewa, bari vintage Champagnes su huta kafin a yi aiki don haɓaka cikakken rikitarwarsu.

Kammalawa

Binciken mu a cikin fagen luxury sparkling wine ya bayyana rashin daidaito na Champagne. Wannan jagorar Champagne ta zurfafa cikin tayin masu inganci daga manyan gidaje, tana haskaka matsayin su a matsayin mafi kyawun a duniya. Krug Vintage Champagne 1996, tare da maki 98, da Moët & Chandon Grand Vintage Collection 1921, wanda ya sami maki 100, suna wakiltar kololuwa na fasahar wine mai kyawawa.

Ya bayyana cewa mafi kyawun Champagne yana ƙunshe da nau'ikan salo da matakan farashi. Tesco Finest Premier Cru Brut NV, wanda farashinsa shine £25, yana fitowa a matsayin mai ban sha'awa tare da maki 4/5. Ga waɗanda ke son kwarewa mai kyau, Henriot Brut Souverain NV da Taittinger Brut Prestige Rose NV duk suna samun maki 5/5 na cikakke. Suna bayar da dandano mai kyau da zaɓuɓɓukan ruwan hoda masu kyau, a jere.

Ko don murnar musamman ko zuba jari na vintage mai kyau, wannan jagorar tana bayar da mahimman bayanai. Daga Veuve Monsigny Champagne NV mai araha a £14.99 zuwa Bollinger La Grande Année Rosé 2014 mai daraja, wanda aka kimanta a maki 95, akwai Champagne don kowanne dandano da taron. Yayin da muke daga gilashinku zuwa fasahar da al'adun Champagne, muna murnar kyawun sa na dindindin a matsayin wine mai alatu mai kyau.